Wholesale Electricity Prices
IEA Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025
EU avg $90/MWh, US avg $48/MWh, Japan $76/MWh, UK $115/MWh, Australia $68/MWh, Nordics $40/MWh, France $73/MWh, Germany ~$100/MWh
iea.org — H1 2025 wholesale prices ↗
IEA Electricity 2026 Report
Full-year 2025 wholesale price analysis. EU futures ~$95/MWh for 2026.
iea.org — Electricity 2026 prices ↗
EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO)
US hub prices: ERCOT ~$36, ISO-NE ~$55, CAISO SP15 ~$52, Mid-C ~$50, PJM ~$55, NYISO ~$80/MWh
eia.gov — US wholesale prices 2025 ↗
EIA Wholesale Markets Data (ICE)
Daily weighted-average prices at 7 major US hubs. Historical from 2001.
eia.gov — wholesale market data ↗
Bathymetry
GEBCO 2025 Grid
15 arc-second global bathymetry. 59 cable corridor profiles extracted.
GEBCO Compilation Group (2025) GEBCO 2025 Grid (doi:10.5285/37c52e96-24ea-67ce-e063-7086abc05f29)
gebco.net — gridded bathymetry ↗
Maritime Boundaries
Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)
Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase v12. EEZ boundaries: Treaty, Median, 200NM, Court ruling, Unsettled types.
marineregions.org — EEZ v12 ↗
GDP Density
Gridded GDP (PPP) 2025
15 arc-minute resolution (~28km). GDP density rendered as heatmap overlay — brighter = higher economic output per km². Source: Murakami & Yamagata (2019), SSP database.
Transmission Grid
GridKit / OpenStreetMap
Transmission lines (≥220kV EU, ≥230kV NA) within 400km of landing nodes extracted from OpenStreetMap via GridKit. Europe and North America coverage. ODbL licence.
zenodo.org — GridKit exports ↗
Base Map
Rendering Engine
Country Statistics
World Bank — World Development Indicators (2023)
Population (SP.POP.TOTL), GDP per capita current US$ (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), Access to electricity % (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS). 31 countries. CC BY-4.0 licence.
databank.worldbank.org — WDI ↗
Taiwan DGBAS / MOEA (2023)
Population, GDP per capita, electrification rate. Taiwan not included in World Bank membership.
eng.stat.gov.tw — National Statistics ↗
Electricity Market Data
Ember — Yearly Electricity Data (2024)
Electricity demand (TWh), installed capacity (GW), generation mix (% by fuel), 5-year demand CAGR. 32 countries. CC BY-4.0 licence. Updated twice monthly.
ember-energy.org — yearly electricity data ↗
API: ember-energy.org/data/api/ · Sources: EIA, Eurostat, IRENA, national statistics
Cyclone Exposure
NOAA NCEI — IBTrACS v4r01 (since 1980)
Storm counts within 200km/500km of each offshore site, max sustained wind (kt, WMO), Saffir-Simpson category, annual frequency. 4,929 storms, 305,922 track points. Haversine distance computation.
Gahtan et al. (2024), doi:10.25921/82ty-9e16
ncei.noaa.gov — IBTrACS ↗
CSV: ncei.noaa.gov/data/.../ibtracs/v04r01/access/csv/ · Updated weekly with provisional data
Sovereign Credit Ratings
S&P Global Ratings — Long-term Foreign Currency (2026)
Sovereign credit ratings for 32 Orkora countries. Investment grade (BBB− and above) vs speculative grade. Ratings change on event-driven review, not on a fixed schedule.
countryeconomy.com — S&P sovereign ratings ↗
No public API — manual review quarterly. Official source: spglobal.com/ratings (paywall)
Data Source Registry
| Source | Fields | Cadence | Last Updated | Next Due |
| World Bank WDI |
Pop, GDP/cap, Elec% | Annual |
2023 vintage | Q2 2026 |
| Ember Yearly |
Demand, Cap, Mix, Growth | Bi-monthly |
2024 vintage | Apr 2026 |
| S&P Sovereign |
Credit rating | Event-driven |
Mar 2026 | Jun 2026 |
| IEA Prices |
Hub wholesale $/MWh | Semi-annual |
H1 2025 | Jul 2026 |
| EIA STEO |
US hub prices | Monthly |
2025 data | Apr 2026 |
| GEBCO Bathy |
59 corridor profiles | Annual |
GEBCO 2025 | Q1 2027 |
| GEM Seismic |
PGA platform + landing | ~5 years |
v2023.1 | ~2028 |
| WOA23 NOAA |
SST, thermal, ΔT | ~5 years |
WOA23 | ~2028 |
| VLIZ EEZ |
Maritime boundaries | ~2 years |
v12 (2024) | ~2026 |
| GridKit/OSM |
Transmission grid | Irregular |
2024 extract | Manual |
| IBTrACS NOAA |
Cyclone exposure (3 fields) | Weekly (prov.) |
v4r01 (1980–2024) | Live |
| ICC-IMB / Manual |
Freq, Reg, Piracy, Ice | As needed |
Mar 2025 | Stable |
API endpoints for automation:
WB: api.worldbank.org/v2/country/{iso3}/indicator/{id}?mrnev=1&format=json
Ember: ember-energy.org/data/api/
EIA: api.eia.gov/v2/steo/ (key required, free)
WOA: ncei.noaa.gov/thredds-ocean/fileServer/ncei/woa/temperature/
IBTrACS: ncei.noaa.gov/data/international-best-track-archive-for-climate-stewardship-ibtracs/v04r01/access/csv/
IBTrACS: ncei.noaa.gov/data/international-best-track-archive/
Price Update Log
Hub averages last updated: March 2026
Based on IEA H1 2025 actuals and EIA STEO 2025 data.
Baseload price = Hub average + Baseload uplift (market-specific premium for firm 24/7 supply).
v0.8